成语故事：纸上谈兵

2• 414• 78• HSK 3 • 2min

赵zhào国guó名míng将jiàng赵zhào奢shē的de儿ér子zi赵zhào括kuò，熟shú读dú兵bīng书shū，议yì论lùn军jūn事shì，头头是道tóutóu-shìdào，滔tāo滔tāo不bù绝jué，连lián他tā的de父fù亲qin也yě难nán不bù住zhù他tā。当dāng时shí不bù少shǎo人rén都dōu夸奖kuājiǎng他tā，可kě是shì赵zhào奢shē却què不以为然bùyǐwéirán。他tā告gào诫jiè儿子érzi要yào多duō务wù实shí际jì，可kě是shì赵zhào括kuò并bìng没méi放fàng在zài心xīn上shàng。

后hòu来lái秦qín国guó攻gōng打dǎ赵zhào国guó，赵zhào国guó派pài老lǎo将jiàng廉lián颇pō去qù长cháng平píng抵挡dǐdǎng。廉lián颇pō采取cǎiqǔ修xiū筑zhù工gōng事shì坚jiān持chí防fáng守shǒu的de方fāng法fǎ，使shǐ秦qín军jūn得dé不bù到dào作zuò战zhàn的de机jī会hui。

这zhè时shí秦qín国guó使shǐ用yòng了le反fǎn奸jiān计jì，派pài人rén到dào赵zhào国guó散sàn布bù谣yáo言yán，挑tiǎo拨bō赵zhào王wáng与yǔ廉lián颇pō的de关guān系xì。赵zhào王wáng中zhòng计jì，召zhào回huí了le廉lián颇pō，派pài赵zhào括kuò去qù代替dàitì他tā的de职zhí务wù。

赵zhào括kuò一yī上shàng任rèn就jiù轻qīng率shuài地de改gǎi变biàn了le战zhàn术shù，在zài秦qín军jūn的de引诱yǐnyòu下xià，出chū兵bīng迎yíng战zhàn，结jié果guǒ几jǐ十shí万wàn大dà军jūn被bèi秦qín军jūn团团tuántuán围wéi住zhù。平日píngrì熟shú读dú兵bīng法fǎ的de赵zhào括kuò这zhè时shí毫háo无wú办法bànfǎ，急jí得de像xiàng热rè锅guō上shàng的de蚂mǎ蚁yǐ，只zhǐ好hǎo带dài着zhe军jūn队duì拼pīn死sǐ突tū围wēi。结jié果guǒ赵zhào括kuò被bèi乱luàn箭jiàn射shè死sǐ，赵zhào国guó四sì十shí万wàn人rén全quán军jūn覆fù没mò，这zhè就jiù是shì历lì史shǐ上shàng有yǒu名míng的de“长平之战”“cháng píng zhī zhàn”。

这zhè段duàn历lì史shǐ后hòu来lái产生chǎnshēng了le成语chéngyǔ“纸上谈兵“zhǐ shàng tán bīng”。”“兵“bīng”指zhǐ战争zhànzhēng、军事jūnshì。“纸上谈兵“zhǐ shàng tán bīng””指zhǐ仅jǐn在zài纸zhǐ面miàn上shàng、口kǒu头tóu上shàng空kōng谈tán军事jūnshì，实shí际jì并bìng不bù懂dǒng的de人rén。现xiàn在zài用yòng它tā来lái讽刺fěngcì那nà种zhǒng喜好xǐhào空kōng谈tán、不bù解jiě决jué实shí际jì问wèn题tí的de人rén，或huò者zhě比喻bǐyù只zhī是shì空kōng谈tán、不bù能néng成chéng为wéi现实xiànshí的de情qíng形xíng。

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